Characterized with a large gas production and low combustion temperature, the guanidine nitrate gn gasgenerating agents are studied and applied widely. At high temperatures, guanidine nitrate can explode. Search results for guanidine nitrate at sigmaaldrich. Guanidine nitrate and its dehydration product, nitroguanidine, are also explosives6 that are sometimes used in ammonium nitrate explosive formulations and in. Decomposition of guanidine nitrate has been investigated. The kinetic parameters of the controlling chemical reaction have been estimated, and a detailed combustion mechanism for gu 2azt has been proposed. Decompositions of urea and guanidine nitrates request pdf. Thermal decomposition of guanidinium salts as alternative. Since the bombing of pan am flight 103 over lockerbie, scotland in 1988, detection of. Takatas switch to cheaper airbag propellant is at center of crisis. The most likely mechanism involves isomerization of gn followed by a proton transfer in the gas phase to yield nitric acid and guanidine. Firstaid measures general advice show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. It is a one carbon compound, a member of guanidines and a carboxamidine. A numerical and experimental study of the decomposition pathways.
It is known to have immunosuppressive and other side effects above therapeutic doses. Annual united states production of urea is about 10 million tons, and imports are about 3 million tons. Its more official name is guanidinium nitrate, but the incorrect term guanidine nitrate is widely used. Guanidine is an aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.
The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of potassium. In the second step, the nitrate salt is treated with sulfuric acid, a process that dehydrates the salt and forms the nn bond. Visit chemicalbook to find more guanidine nitrate506934 information like chemical properties. Us2949484a us677959a us67795957a us2949484a us 2949484 a us2949484 a us 2949484a us 677959 a us677959 a us 677959a us 67795957 a us67795957 a us 67795957a us 2949484 a us2949484 a us 2949484a authority us united states prior art keywords urea nitrate guanidine ammonium nitrate silica prior art date 195708 legal status the legal status is. The thermal decomposition of potassium nitrate to produce potassium nitrite and oxygen. A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological ph.
Thermal decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride mixtures. In this paper, thermal decomposition characteristics of guanidine nitrate gn are studied by both dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry dsc tests in constant volume. These pairs of arrhenius constants predict decomposition rates less than a factor of two apart. It is produced on a large scale as high energy fuel used as gas generator and solid rocket propellant applications. Studies on the decomposition chemistry of triaminoguanidine azide. Abstractin this paper, thermal decomposition characteristics of guanidine nitrate gn are studied by both dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry dsc tests in constant volume. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. For more information such as price, delivery, product specification and msds please contact us. Urea nitrate and guanidine nitrate share common decomposition products such as melamine, and the precursor materials, urea and guanidine, are both found in urine. Thermal behavior and decomposition mechanism of ammonium. It has explosion decomposition at high temperatures. Literature values for ammonium nitrate decomposition indicate that it should. Guanidine nitrate 98% guanidinium nitrate sigmaaldrich. However, when leaching of cyanoguanidine following mineral fertilization, slurry manuring and decomposition under simulated ground water conditions silty loam, ph 6.
Guanidine nitrate was considered slightly toxic in mice with an. These pairs of arrhenius constants predict identical decomposition rates. Us2431a us560353a us56035344a us2431a us 2431 a us2431 a us 2431a us 560353 a us560353 a us 560353a us 56035344 a us56035344 a us 56035344a us 2431 a us2431 a us 2431a authority us united states prior art keywords nitrate mixture ammonium urea reaction prior art date 19441025 legal status the legal status is an. The yield is increased if the mixture is chilled and allowed to stand for a. Guanidinium nitrate on thermolysis is reported 2 to start decomposing around 100 c, however, the precise temperature of decomposition is not known. Advanced nitratetype solid propellants solid propellant. Both urea and nitrate salts find use as fertilizers. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of nitric acid and. Guanidine hydrochloride liberates toxic fumes of hcl and no x when heated to decomposition. Component freshwater algae freshwater fish microtox water flea guanidine mononitrateec50.
An efficient guanylation of various amines with cyanamide proceeds in the presence of catalytic amounts of scandiumiii triflate under mild conditions in water without using preactivated guanylation reagents. For gn the activation energies were 199 and 191 kjmol with the preexponential factors being 1. An analyst endorsed the decision, saying ammonium nitrate is less likely to fail to activate an air bag than guanidine nitrate. Guanidine nitrate gn is an explosive used by the military and commercial sectors. The auto supplier began using ammonium nitrate in airbags in 2001, but the compound is highly sensitive to temperature changes and can. Guanidine nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula cnh 2 3no 3. Study of the thermal decomposition and combustion of. But ammonium nitrate and factors surrounding it may have played. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of potassium nitrate and of the reaction between potassium nitrite and oxygen 1a eli s. Guanidine nitrate appears as a white crystalline solid. The alcoholic solution of guanidine and ammonia was then neutralised with 70% nitric acid, this precipitated residual potassium hydroxide as its nitrate which was filtered out. If contaminated with combustible materials it accelerates their burning.
Results indicate that decomposition of gn is not initiated in the condensed phase as the guanidinium cation and the nitrate anion are highly stable. Keywords guanidinium nitrate 4 thermal decomposition 4. Thermal decomposition of guanidinium nitrate sciencedirect. Attenuated total reflectance infrared atrir spectrum of guanidine nitrate with properties. Guanidine nitrate is of interest to us both as an explosive itself and a component of explosive mixtures, and as an intermediate. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of nitric acid and nitrogen oxide. Nitroguanidine is produced commercially by a two step process starting with the reaction of calcium cyanamide with ammonium nitrate. The determination factors of thermal decomposition properties of guanidine nitrate and basic cupric nitrate gnbcn gasgenerating agents for airbag application was investigated by the.
Guanidine nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula cnh23no3. Chemistry department, university of rhode island, 51 lower college road, kingston, ri 02881. Thermal decomposition of guanidinium salts as alternative solid promoters of ammonia for selective catalytic reduction of no x ladislao sandoval rangel1, marco j. Decompositions of urea and guanidine nitrates semantic. Guanidine nitrate revision date 19jan2018 aquatic organisms. A numerical and experimental study of the decomposition. Demolished an autoclave built to withstand 50 atmospheres when it exploded as it was being synthesized from ammonium thiocyanate and lead nitrate c. Decomposition of urea and guanidine nitrate center of excellence. On boiling down the alcohol to a concentrated solution, then evaporating dry, 84g of crude ammonium and guanidine nitrates was obtained. It has an average detonation velocity of 2,762 ms, or 3700 ms.
Takes some effort to ignite but once ignited it burns with increasing vigor as the fire progresses. The product contains following substances which are hazardous for the environment. Determination of urea nitrate and guanidine nitrate vapor pressures by isothermal thermogravimetry by jimmie oxley, james l. Advanced nitrate type solid propellants solid propellant engineering. Thermal decomposition properties of guanidine nitrate and. Via the intermediacy of biguanidine, this ammonolysis step affords the salt guanidinium nitrate. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Thermal decomposition properties of energetic compositions. The most favorable decomposition pathway for an isolated urea molecule leads to hnco and nh3. Unlike the decomposition of ammonium or urea nitrate, the decomposition of gdnno 3 is influenced by bases and acids. Rocket propulsion a comprehensive survey of energetic materials. To obtain a better understanding of the thermal decomposition properties of energetic compositions of guanidine nitrate gn and azodicarbonamide adca, differential scanning calorimetry dsc and thermogravimetrydifferential thermal analysis connected with infrared spectroscopy tgdtair and with mass spectrometry tgdtams were carried out. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking 1. Determination of urea nitrate and guanidine nitrate vapor.